Rhwddyr

The Republic of Rhwddyr (Rhwddyraith: Y Rheihŵyt Rhwddyr) is a country located in Central Ambrwnos, Bordering the Crygaech Gulf to the north.

It is a Unitary Parliamentary Republic. The Dymuddyr, Huwcyn Price, Was elected in 2018, as a member of the Socialist Labour Party (Rhwddyraith: Faech Rheimyz Sycrhellin).

History
Rhwddyr was founded in 987 when a series of Trading Kingdoms with similar cultures united together on the coast of the Crygaech Gulf in an attempt to monopolise the flow of Iron from what is now the Syldru of Ddeneddyr. A Series of Conquests brought Ddeneddyr under the control of Rhwddyr by 1177, and by 1232 had control of most of the territory north of the Gydagal River. It continued its rapid expansion, Taking Northern Thlassadru and The Rest of Caefdru in 1256. The Integration of the Lower Rhwrhei was much slower, due to their Greater Resistance to Integration. For a while, Rhwddyr tried to keep on good relations with the southern kingdoms, trying to convince them to integrate into Rhwddyr peacefully, and as trade of Goods occured, the Culture of the Northern Rhwrhei began to merge with that of the Southern Rhwrhei. In 1330, Cities on the Southern Bank of Lake Myrgi, the Second Largest of the Grand Lakes (Wedystyc Dwru), joined Rhwddyr. This led to a three year war with the Kingdom of Cystddru, Which Rhwddyr Won, and Cystddru was fully annexed. In 1335, Nobles in Efmildru rose up against King Dygic II, in protest of him increasing Taxes to fund his lavish lifestyle. Dygic was overthrown in 1337, and replaced with His Cousin, Kycaen I. Kycaen created the first Parliament of Rhwddyr, consisting only of the Senate at this point. The House would meet every May, to approve the budget for the next year, and could be called by the King at any point to pass an emergancy budget, such as in the case of an unexpected war. The Rest of Modern Rhwddyr was conquered in a series of wars from 1352-1431. There were a few revolts in the more remote regions of the Newly Aquired Territory over the next few decades, but the Northern Nobility welcomed the Southern Nobles into the Parliament, and so the nation unified fairly quickly. In 1462, King Dygic III passed an order, giving himself the powers to remove members of the nobility, in his attempt to pass an unpopular budget. He removed 16 of the 72 Nobles, including 10 of the 27 representing Southern Titles. This angered the nobles, seeing the king as unfairly interfering in the Constitutional Rights of the Parliament, and so rebelled against the King, starting the 1462-79 Parliament War. in 1475, Dygic was killed in battle outside the Efmil, the Capital of Efmildru Syldru. His Son Eryn, inhereted the throne, and continued the war for another 4 years, before surrendering to the forces of Parliament in central Durton. The Resulting Treaty gave Parliament the right to Reject Royal Orders, and pass Legislation of its own. To solidify their new found Independence, the Parliament passed the Parliamentary Meetings Act 1481. This Act meant that Parliament owned the land around where the King Surrendered, and Built a building for the Parliament to meet. The building was complete in Mid-1486, and so the 1487 Session was the first to meet outside of the King's Court.

In 1503, Technological advancements in Shipping led to a Boom in the Tea Trade with Tianshen. This created a Class of Wealthy Merchants in the Coastal Areas, and led to the Explosion of towns like Durton, Llaegen and Bonta. This new merchant class was irritated with their lack of representation in Parliament, and began to protest. In an attempt to prevent another bloody rebellion, the House of Representatives was created in 1521, with the Wealthy Classes not already in the Senate able to Participate in Elections to the new House, with a Mixture of Multi-Member Syldru Constituencies representing Rural Areas, and Single-Member Borough Constituencies representing urban areas. Two Factions formed in the Syldru, a Liberal and a Conservative Faction. The Liberals were mostly concerned with reducing restrictions on trade, in an attempt to benefit the new merchant class, whilst the Conservatives were more Traditionalist, Representing the Old Order of Wealthy people, who were looking to become members of the nobility. The Liberals aligned themselves with the more Pro-Parliamentary Faction in the Senate, and the Conservatives aligned themselvs with the more Pro-Monarchy Faction in the Senate. A Liberal Majority in the House meant that in 1542, More Powers over the Day-to-day running of the country was taken away from the Monarch, by passing a law that required the monarch to appoint his advisors from Parliament, which by 1580 had begun evolving towards the modern system of the Cabinet. The Main Advisory Positions were the Advisor for Economic Matters, who was put in charge of the Treasury, the Advisor for the Millitary, who was put in charge of running the administrative side of the army, the Advisor for Foreign Affairs, who was put in Charge of Diplomacy, and the Advisor for the Realm, who was put in charge of maintaining order in Rhwddyr.

Politics
Rhwddyr is a Unitary Parliamentary Republic.

The Presidency
The Dymddyr (President), Huwcyn Pryce, is the Head of State, having been Elected in 2018. The President Appoints the Hwydyn ynt (Prime Minister) after an election, and then the Cabinet, at the advice of the Prime Minister. They have the power to Dissolve Parliament, Call Elections, Dismiss Ministers, Declare War (With permission from the Parliament) and other Executive Functions, though mostly acts under the advice of the Prime Minister. The President also has the powers to veto laws that he views to "Damage basic democratic rights, human rights, and other such threats to the republic", though this can be overridden with a 3/5 Majority of the Total Number of Members in the House of Representatives (218 votes out of 364 Members).

The Government
The Government is Appointed by the President, usually consisting of the largest party or coalition in the House of Representatives. It is led by the Hwydyn ynt (Prime Minister). Members of the Cabinet are usually members of the Coalition led by the Prime Minister, who are members of either the Senate or the House.

The Parliament
The Parliament of Rhwddyr (Gyndaefyr Rhwddyr) is the Legaslative Branch of the Rhwddyrian Government. It consists of Two Houses, the Senate (Gyndyldru) and the House of Representatives (Reikyndae).

The Senate is the Upper House of the Parliament, and consists of 144 Senators (Gyndyldrudyn), who are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. It only has the power to Delay and Amend legislation, rather than outright rejecting it, after reforms in 1894.

The House of Representatives is the Lower House of Parliament, and consists of 364 Members of Parliament (Gyndaefyr Sygdenrat). GSs are elected no later than 5 years after the previous, using the D'Hondt Method of Proportional Representation. It has the powers to Amend and Reject Legislation, as well as vote No-Confidence in the Government, which triggers an Emergency Election.

Local Government
Rhwddyr is divided into 21 Syldru, who run Police, Schools, Waste Collection and disposal, and other local services. They are elected every 4 Years using First-Past-the-Post wards.

Geography
Rhwddyr is located in Central Ambrwnos,from the Crygaech Gulf in the north to Sea of Súntisc in the south. The North of Rhwddyr is located on the Great Northern Plain (Rhwddyraith: Âberi Dŵyryruâr Dwru), including most of the major cities including the Capital, Durton, with the south forming the Plain of the Lakes (Rhwddyraith: Âberi fa y Ŵedystyc). Dividing these two planes if the Caefdru Depression, which is an area lower than the surrounding areas, which is home to many large bodies of water, such as the Olasi Sea and Lake Elâr. Part of the Syldrus of Efnúrddyr and Seríndru are on the end of the Chculli Peninsular, with the Isle of Abâ seperating them.

Rhwddyr is located on a Transform plate boundary between (insert names of boundaries), which runs from the North, under the Gulf of Crygaech, to the south, under the Sea of Súntisc, meaning that Rhwddyr is at risk of Tsunamis and Earthquakes, though the long shape of the Guly of Crygaech means that the north coast only really faces a tsunami risk if an earthquake was to take place in the Prescrhéí sea or the Tidru Sea, such as during the 1996 Tidru Sea Earthquake and Tsunami.

The Economy
Rhwddyr has a Regulated Market Economy. The Treasury, lead by the Secretary of State for Financial Affairs is in charge of shaping the Government's economic policy, including writing the Budget and setting interest rates. The Central Bank of Rhwddyr is responsible for the Printing and Distribution of the Fyldog, the National Currency of Rhwddyr. Since 1974, The Bank was moved from the Capital City of Durton to Gumagen, the Largest City in South Rhwddyr (In the Syldru of Soffidru), as part of the Then Governments attempts to Decentralise Economic Growth from the North.